Forever chemicals on the EU agenda: Key insights for the fashion industry on upcoming PFAS restrictions

Brussels - According to a 2024 study by Dr. Harrad, professor of environmental chemistry at University of Birmingham, PFAS can enter the skin’s fluids (like sweat and oils) by environmental media transmission (such as indoor dust), where they can then be absorbed via the skin and enter the bloodstream. With its upcoming legislative initiatives, the European Union aims to limit the risks associated with the hazardous chemicals by prohibiting their manufacture, distribution, and use.

What PFAS are and the problems they represent for EU citizens

1. What are PFAS?

Per-or poly-fluoroalkyl substances (“PFAS”) are a large group of industrial chemicals characterised by strong carbon-fluorine bonds, which make them resistant to breaking down. Their properties give PFAS the ability to withstand high temperatures while offering significant resistance to both oil and water. Therefore, PFAS are often used in practice as water repellent chemicals. They are used in carpets to prevent stains, and also to make firefighting foam more efficient.
They are used in a variety of consumer products, including clothing. In the fashion sector, PFAS are used in items like raincoats, hiking pants, shirts, yoga pants, and sports bras. A 2022 report by Toxic-Free Future found that nearly three-quarters of products labelled as water or strain-resistant contained PFAS. Given their properties, PFAS are often referred to as “forever chemicals” as they do not break down and remain in the environment.